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From Tsars to Oligarchs

A language is a living thing. It changes, modifies itself and moves on. Like a sponge, it grasps all of the innovations and finds ways of expressing them. This often happens through borrowing.

In no way can Russian compare to German or French which have deep roots in the English language. Nevertheless, there are quite a few words of Russian origin in English.

Take matreshka (a Russian doll) or samovar (a sort of kettle). They were cloned in English because these words denote traditional Russian things which didn’t exist in the English-speaking countries. Balalaika is a Russian national musical instrument.

Very often words of Russian origin end up in English due to political changes or phenomena. Perestroika in the mid eighties, Bolsheviks earlier in the 20th century, or tsars in the imperial times… Another example is intelligentsia, the intellectual elite of the Russian society.

Everyone knows which country vodka comes from and interestingly, on the topic of food and drink, Pavlova, a popular dessert here in England, is named after a Russian ballet-dancer, Anna Pavlova.

Soviet space exploration brought cosmonaut and sputnik into the English language and the recent changes in the Russian society gave us business oligarchs.

Those who happened to visit Russia for leisure rarely forget the banya (sauna) experience at a private dacha (summer-house). Steaming up in a Russian bath-house beaten up by birch twigs and then jumping into a cold river is both enjoyable and refreshing.

The Russians now living in London or in the vicinity call it Londongrad. Hopefully, London will stay London though, as changing the name of the British capital would be going a bit too far…

Yelena McCafferty, Russian Translator, Talk Russian, UK

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Christmas over, back to Business

The long Russian Christmas holidays are finally over, and the country should gradually return to business as usual. The difference is, of course, the fact that Russian festivities start on New Year’s Eve and Christmas follows on January 7th. Unlike the Anglican or Catholic Churches, which switched to the Gregorian calendar centuries ago, the Russian Orthodox Church still uses the old Julian Calendar which runs 14 days behind. 14th January is still informally celebrated as the “old” New Year’s Day… If the real Christmas tree survives until then, it would be fair to say it has served its purpose and can finally retire…

Russia has a number of other public holidays when many businesses close. Here is a list of them for 2010.

23rd February – Defender of the Motherland Day. This year it falls on a Tuesday so the government made a decision to make 22nd February – the Monday before – a day off too to make it a 4-day long weekend. Instead Saturday 27th February will be a normal working day.

8th March – International Women’s Day.

4th April – Orthodox Easter.

1st May – Spring and Labour Day. In 2010 it falls on a Saturday so Monday 3rd May is also a day off.

9th May – Victory Day. As it conveniently falls on a Sunday, 10th May is a day off in lieu.

12th June – Russia Day and as it will be a Saturday, Monday 14th June will be an extra day off.

4th November – National Unity Day. 5th of November will also be a day off to make up a long weekend, with Saturday 13th November a normal working day in lieu.

All this weekday shifting can be quite confusing for someone who does business with Russia, so hopefully this guide will bring some more sense to the unique Russian working patterns.

Yelena McCafferty
Talk Russian Translations

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A Christmas Present to our Facebook Fans

Talk Russian has now got a page on Facebook, a popular social networking website. And we are pleased to offer everyone who joined our Facebook group an exclusive 5% discount on any order they place with us until 25th December, 2009. This is a kind of Christmas gift to all of our registered fans.

If you are our fan on Facebook and would like to get something translated from English into Russian or from Russian into English or if you need a Russian interpreter, all you need is to quote FACEBOOK at the time of ordering to get your discount.

Find us on Facebook by clicking here:

See you there!

For a quote, please contact us through our website: http://www.talkrussian.com

Yelena McCafferty, Translation and Interpreting Manager

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Follow the Moskva, down to Gorky Park, Listening to the Wind of Change…

The famous line from the Wind of Change by the Scorpions… Yes, Russia has changed and so has Moscow…

Russia is now UK’s 12th largest export market. Sounds very impressive, and we at Talk Russian noticed the rise in the trade between the two countries not only by the scope of documents we translate for our clients, but also by the number of interpreting assignments we handle in Moscow these days. In a way, Moscow is not Russia, Moscow is like a separate state within a country. It’s even different from other large Russian cities, not to mention the provinces.

On the other hand, Moscow is the accumulation of the country’s wealth and it represents a huge chunk of international transactions. It may not have the natural resources of the largest country in the world, but it certainly has the infrastructure, be it telecoms, finance, retail or construction. The retail market is spectacular, you find most of world’s known brands on the streets of Moscow, including Versace, Armani, IKEA, it even has the icon of the British High Street shop – Marks and Spencer. Russia is now the 8th largest retail market in the world.

Dealing with Russia involves a lot of bureaucracy. You need to notarise so much paperwork, do product certification, deal with Customs clearance… And all this needs to be done in a language which even has a different alphabet from English. You land in Russia, you expect most people to understand you at least a bit, like everywhere else you go on holiday, but they don’t. Not always.

Hence the demand for professional Russian interpreters in Moscow is huge. Attending a trade show or an exhibition – you need an interpreter to push your products and sales literature. Agreeing a contract – it’s very important to talk through all of the intricacies. Resolving a payment dispute – not much chance of finding a solution if you can’t express yourself.

I love being an interpreter. You feel you help people… It’s fun.

Yelena McCafferty, Talk Russian Translation and Interpreting

Read our guide on Russian interpreting:

http://www.talkrussian.com/russianinterpreting.htm

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The Apostrophe Saga or how a Single Comma Can Ruin a Translation

Thank Goodness Russian doesn’t have apostrophes. There is such misuse of them in English, some examples are so appalling, they look funny. The sad thing is they appear or, for that matter, are missing from prominent public signs. An odd typo in a letter can be forgiven, but if something like a shop sign goes through many hands until it’s finally placed where it should, it’s surprising no one should spot the error before it becomes part of us.

Apostrophes are, in fact, so easy to use. They denote a possession and are used with after an “-s” in a noun in the singular and following an “-s” in a noun in the plural. If a noun forms the plural as an exception, i.e. without an “-s”, then the first rule applies (e.g. children’s toys). The pronouns which stand out here are its and theirs. They denote a possession but have no apostrophe. Where you see “it’s”, the apostrophe is used to show a grammatical contracted form of “it has” or “it is”.

You don’t need to fight with apostrophes in Russian – they don’t exist. However, that doesn’t make Russian punctuation any easier. In fact, Russian punctuation has very strict rules. So strict that a student who misses out a comma in his essay will struggle to get an A mark for his work. That’s why we, Russian translators, need to be so careful when we type up a translation. If we happened to miss out a comma or a semicolon, the Russians reading their client’s translation would strike it off as careless or poor. Certainly not something we are trying to achieve.

And certain different punctuation rules should be noted in Russian, too. Where there are no quotation marks in book titles or company names in English (e.g. Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, BBC), rather than italicising them, Russians use quotation marks (e.g. «Джейн Эйр» Шарлотты Бронте, «Би-Би-Си»).  We have to remember this rule when we translate documents from Russian into English and remove the quotation marks (e.g. War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy, Russian Railways) so they don’t stand out as odd.

I guess rules are made to be broken but why bother when someone made an effort to create them? Rules are there for a reason. They are designed to lessen the confusion and there is already plenty of it about!

Yelena McCafferty, Certified Russian Translator, Talk Russian, http://www.talkrussian.com

Some infamous examples
Some examples

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Talk Russian’s New Video

So, finally, we’ve done a new video for Talk Russian! If you were familiar with the old one the truth is it was shot and cut in an hour to put on our website as a ‘temporary’ film, while we got around to making a proper one. That was just over a year ago. Now, at last, we’ve polished and updated it.

The film is on the homepage of our website http://www.talkrussian.com and also below.

Any comments welcome!

Yelena McCafferty, Member of the Chartered Institute of Linguists
Talk Russian

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Languages? Sprachen! Langues? Языки!

26th September marks the European Day of Languages. Europe is such as small part of the globe and yet it has such a heritage of languages. Denmark, Holland, Iceland, Croatia may not be large in size, but their people speak their own tongue.

All languages are interrelated, of course. Apart from having international words in their vocabulary, such as “website”, “film”, “fantastic”, which have spread to most languages, languages are also divided into groups or families, depending on their origin and structure. English, German, Danish belong to one language family, whereas French and Romanian to another. These are just examples of languages using the same alphabet. Chinese, Korean or Japanese definitely stand out with their own ideographs. And so is Russian.

It frightens people to see something written in a language they can’t even guess. Anyway, most complete Internet resources are written about it and I don’t intend to repeat it all here. One question I am often asked as a Russian translator is why a Russian text always takes up more space and yet its wordcount is less than the original English. The answer is English is analytical and Russian is synthetic. Without going into too much detail, where English uses articles and prepositions, Russian expresses the same linguistic links through word endings. It has no articles all together. So there are less words, but they are longer.

And as lazy as the English may be for a language-learning nation, they also respect the European Day of Languages and so they should. The ability to speak another language is commendable, it opens doors to some while they remain closed to others.

Yelena McCafferty, Member of the Chartered Institute of Linguists
Talk Russian

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Some Tips for Interpreters to Remember

Interpreters… Don’t you love them?! Well, you do, if everything goes smoothly. At the end of the day, they help us communicate with someone we can’t talk to directly. This someone can be our business contact, our client, our patient or even our distant relative!

What makes a good consecutive interpreter? Proficient interpreters don’t just speak the languages they interpret from and into. They start each job well-prepared. It is vital to gather any background information you can, to have an idea about the project you are about to get involved in. If presentations are to be given, it’s great if you can read them beforehand. You can familiarise yourself with any specific terminology, names and research any acronyms used.

While there is an argument whether it is an absolute must for an interpreter to have good looks (at least, some Russian clients expect this and on some occasions prefer to use a female interpreter which they point out when they ask for one), I believe, every interpreter should be presentable. Needless to say, when you work for a client, you represent that client. If an interpreter is required for a corporate event, it’s always good to check the dress code too not to stand out from the crowd.

Having your own badge with your name on is something else which wouldn’t go amiss. Event organisers will often provide you with one, but if they don’t, it’s good to have your own – that way everyone is aware of who is who.

It is absolutely vital to have a notepad handy. Not so much to look up any terminology you’ve written out, but to take notes. Depending on the speed of the speakers you are interpreting, you may need to jot down the main points to avoid memory blanks. Do use a pencil as pens often fail. Pencils hardly ever do, unless you break them!

If there is something you’ve missed or didn’t quite get, do not hesitate to ask the speaker to repeat. Asking them to clarify a point can only help them get the right message across.

Do keep eye contact with the speakers, if you don’t, it may look odd or even rude.

Do interpret in the first person, starting a sentence with: “She says that…” is against the rules. Interpret as if you were the person you are talking for.

As a Russian interpreter myself who worked with other Russian interpreters, I do think it’s important to have a glass of water by your side. Interpreters speak double the amount of time as they have to interpret both parties. And if there is lunch or dinner where your services are requested, do not be surprised if you leave the table half-hungry. With so much talking going on, you may have an opportunity to have just a few bites, and drinking much alcohol is, of course, a no-no!

Confidence is vital in every profession. If you look confident, you look right, you know what you are doing. It’s good to be a bit nervous, interpreting is in no way a relaxing activity. It helps when you have bags of experience behind you, but biting more than you can chew is never recommended!

I have also published a guide on commissioning interpreting services for those who are looking for professional Russian interpreters on our website here:

http://www.talkrussian.com/russianinterpreting.htm

Yelena McCafferty, Talk Russian Translation and Interpreting

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In Twinning we Believe

The presentation by a Belarusian delegation in Nottingham made me think today. It made me wonder how many Russian cities and towns keep and continue developing their links with British twin towns. The presentation I attended was given by a Belarusian group of companies working on a huge project, a residential development they called Nottingham. They named it after this English city famous for Robin Hood because it’s twinned with Minsk, the Belarusian capital. The twinning connection goes back to as far as 1957 and it’s great to see it still works. It still works for the mutual benefit of both cities.

Kostroma, a provincial Russian city where I was born, has Durham as its sister city. There used to be a tradition of student exchanges which, to my knowledge, is no longer continuing. Sadly, I am somewhat far away from Durham to contribute to keep the cooperation going. Boston in Lincolnshire, where I am based now, as far as I know, has no twin city in Russia, but it is twinned with Laval in France.

So going back to my initial question – I am not sure how many of our English and Russian towns successfully build on their twinning connections and it would be good to know. It’s a great way of promoting tourism, sport and economic development. It’s an excellent way of learning about the two cultures. It’s a fantastic way of gaining valuable experience, may it be for Russian translators and interpreters like myself, or for a nurse or an engineer on a partnership visit. I hope there are many more examples of the Nottingham project, I really do. I hope to find it out.

Yelena McCafferty, MCIL, Talk Russian Translation and Interpreting

Another English city, Nottingham, has this week (23rd July 2009) signed a Memorandum of Understanding on establishing twinning links with a Russian city, Krasnodar. The initiative is particularly promising as Sochi, the host of the Winter Olympics in 2014, is part of Krasnodar Region. I was privileged to interpret for the official delegation from Krasnodar on their visit to Nottingham organised by UK Trade and Investment and Nottingham City Council.

Another English city, Nottingham, has this week (23rd July 2009) signed a Memorandum of Understanding on establishing twinning links with a Russian city, Krasnodar. The initiative is particularly promising as Sochi, the host of the Winter Olympics in 2014, is part of Krasnodar Region. I was privileged to interpret for the official delegation from Krasnodar on their visit to Nottingham organised by UK Trade and Investment and Nottingham City Council.

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Ivan the Terrible (Grozny) or Mysterious Russian Surnames

My husband now has a habit of asking me what this or that Russian surname means every time he hears a new one. Indeed, they can be so funny! Boar, Cat, Goat – I’ve never come across them in English, yet they do exist in Russian – Kabanov, Koshkin, Kozlov.

Some surnames are universal, of course. White would have a Russian equivalent of Belov, Peters – Petrov. The ending -ov, -ev or -in would refer to “son of” and -ova, -eva and -ina presuppose “daughter of”. Blinov is another awkward one, blin means a “pancake”. I guess someone would have been given this last name because they looked somewhat tubby or flat. This last example demonstrates another way of how surnames were coined – they started as nicknames! Someone with the last name of Boytsov would have been a brave fighter! This one is more to do with personal qualities, rather than looks. Medvedev, the surname of the current Russian president, refers to a “bear”, I am really not sure whether his ancestors were called that for their looks or clumsiness!

How about Putin? What does his name mean? My guess is it comes from путь – the way – a very suitable surname for a leader!

The most common Russian surname is Smirnov, with Ivanov (Jones in English) coming up second.

You can track down the origin of quite a few Russian surnames easily and many are obvious. Yet, if you hear the Irish McCafferty, my married name, you wouldn’t know it means daughter of a horse-rider, so in Russian, I should be Vsadnikova, I suppose!

Yelena McCafferty, Member of the Chartered Institute of Linguists, UK
Russian Translations and Interpreting Manager at Talk Russian, http://www.talkrussian.com

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